Which statement best defines defamation?

Defamation is defined as a false statement that harms another's reputation. This definition encompasses both libel (defamation in written form) and slander (verbal defamation). To establish a defamation claim, the plaintiff must prove that the statement made by the defendant was false, damaging to their reputation, and made with a certain level of fault—typically negligence or actual malice, depending on the status of the plaintiff (public figure vs. private individual).

Understanding this definition is crucial because it highlights the importance of the statement being both false and harmful. Just saying something negative about someone does not constitute defamation unless the statement is untrue and causes damage to the person's reputation. This distinction is vital in legal contexts, where the burden of proof lies heavily on the plaintiff to demonstrate these elements clearly.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of defamation. For instance, a legal action for breach of privacy pertains to different legal theories, involving the unauthorized use of someone's private information. Publishing private facts relates more to privacy torts rather than defamation directly. Lastly, a claim involving personal injury usually falls under different tort principles and doesn’t directly relate to the protection of reputation, which is the core issue at stake in defamation cases.