Which term describes a situation where a defendant’s act was a substantial factor in the injury?

The term that describes a situation where a defendant’s act was a substantial factor in causing the injury is known as Actual Cause. In tort law, establishing actual cause involves demonstrating that the defendant's actions or omissions directly brought about the harm suffered by the plaintiff. This concept is crucial in determining liability, as it establishes a direct connection between the defendant's conduct and the resultant injury.

The substantial factor test is often used to assess whether a defendant’s actions were significant enough to result in the plaintiff's injury, especially in cases with multiple potential causes. If the defendant's act is found to be a substantial factor leading to the injury, this strengthens the plaintiff's case for causation.

Other choices represent different concepts in causation or aspects of tort law, but they do not specifically capture the idea of a defendant’s action being a substantial factor in bringing about an injury, which is the core aspect defined by Actual Cause.